The problem of detecting antibiotics in honey is that there can be a broad use of various antibiotics by the beekeepers. However, in this research, the antibiotics focused on were penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline and gentamycin. In another similar research conducted in Russia, it was found that there were peaks of unidentified residues, possibly other antibiotics that are unidentified.
As seen in the chart above, tetracycline has been identified as the retention time of 5.63 minutes, and other unidentified peaks at 3.45, 4.63, 14.92 minutes, in the other research conducted in Russia.
It has also been reported that there have been higher traces (even higher amounts than found in this research paper) of tetracycline and streptomycin in other regions of the world, including antibiotics not covered by this research paper such as sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol.
In conclusion, our research paper shows that the use of the antibiotics tetracycline, penicillin G and streptomycin are extensively used by beekeepers for curing diseases in bees.
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